
The Disoriented Orientation of maps.
Updated: Feb 1
๐๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฎ๐ฉ, ๐๐จ๐ฎ๐ญ๐ก ๐ข๐ฌ ๐๐จ๐ฐ๐ง, ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ฅ๐๐๐ญ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ข๐ฌ ๐ซ๐ข๐ ๐ก๐ญ. ๐๐ก๐๐ฌ๐ ๐๐ซ๐ ๐ญ๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ ๐ฐ๐ ๐ค๐ง๐จ๐ฐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐. We know this because we've been taught it, we've seen it on our maps, at the top of weather mains, in the art on our walls, North is up! But is it? Would we know what to do if things were flipped upside down? ๐๐ก๐๐ญ ๐๐จ ๐ฐ๐ ๐๐จ ๐ฐ๐ก๐๐ง ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐ก ๐ข๐ฌ๐งโ๐ญ ๐ฐ๐ก๐๐ซ๐ ๐ฐ๐ ๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐๐๐ญ ๐ข๐ญโ
The disorienting truth is North isnโt always up. So why is it that we are so fixated on the fixed compass? Most of us learned to navigate by reading maps that place North at the top but did you know this actually gives us a disadvantage? It creates maps that donโt align to the ground making it harder for the mind to determine which way to go. Which brings us back to the question why is north at the top? And was this always the case? Letโs take a little look at map orientation through history.
๐บ ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฎ๐ฉ
During the Middle Ages with paper being scarce and illiteracy ramped Christian monks were the ones with the resources and education to produce maps. As expected they would often add a religious tone. The monks would orient East at the top of the map to highlight the holy city of Jerusalem. The cartographic monks we're not the first East up mappers. East up goes back all the way to Ancient Egypt. To the Egyptians East was sacred it represented the rising sun and new life. So naturally East was the highlight of their maps.
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South up maps are just that, maps drawn depicting South at the top. The maps can be particularly disorienting, placing West to the left and East to the right. These maps were popular among Arab cartographers. Such as Ibn Hawqal who chose south map orientation for his 10th century wold map.
๐บ ๐ ๐ซ๐จ๐ง๐ญ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ญ๐๐ซ
Many cultures draw maps depicting themselves at the center. An example of these narcissistic maps of old would be the maps of Edo where they placed The Japanese imperial palace in the center and the top.
In addition Maps produced by cities that boarder border the sea like to conventionally orient themselves with the ocean at the top.
๐บ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐ฎ๐ฉ
West oriented maps are rather a rarity throughout history with there only being a few examples. One such example is the Willem Blaeu 1635 map of New Netherlands and New England. The Dutch cartographer chose to put West at the top in the most accurate of the time map of the area
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Our old friend, the one we are most familiar (and comfortable) with. The maps that make sense. They put north at the top neatly following the clean orientation of the poles. Land mass in the center then the North Pole at the top and the South Pole at the bottom. This orientation also conveniently places the equator in the middle. An early example of this type of map would bet he first atlas of its kind Ptolemy's Geographia. Ptolemy was an Alexandrian mathematician and exploration enthusiast. His famous atlasGeographia, was an early example of orienting maps towards the north. Later on with ocean exploration North up became a necessity with seafaring explorers needing to orient themselves with magnetic North of their compasses.
There you have it, map orientation in a nut shell. Would you be able to navigate with one of these maps? ๐๐ซ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฐ๐จ๐ซ๐ฅ๐ ๐๐ ๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ง๐๐ ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌ๐ข๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ฐ๐ง ๐ข๐ ๐ฒ๐จ๐ฎ๐ซ ๐ฆ๐๐ฉ ๐ฐ๐๐ฌ?
Shown: 1921 East Up map of Lake Tahoe